Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Hip
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of Americans. It is a degenerative joint disease in which the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually wears away. Without that smooth cartilage lining, bone rubs on bone, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and progressive loss of function.
Who Gets Osteoarthritis?
While age is the primary risk factor — OA becomes increasingly common after age 50 — it is not simply an inevitable consequence of getting older. Prior joint injuries, excess body weight, genetics, joint malalignment, and repetitive occupational stress all contribute to cartilage breakdown. Athletes who sustain ACL tears, meniscus injuries, or labral tears are at elevated risk for developing early OA in the affected joint.
Symptoms
Osteoarthritis typically develops gradually. Early symptoms include joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest, morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, and a grating or crackling sensation during movement. As OA advances, pain may occur at rest or at night, the joint may become visibly swollen or deformed, and range of motion decreases significantly.
Diagnosis
Dr. Cooper evaluates osteoarthritis with a detailed history, physical examination, and weight-bearing X-rays, which reveal joint space narrowing, bone spurs (osteophytes), and subchondral bone changes. MRI may be ordered to assess cartilage quality and identify other intra-articular pathology contributing to symptoms.
Treatment
Osteoarthritis treatment follows a stepwise approach tailored to symptom severity and functional goals. Non-surgical options include weight management, low-impact exercise programs, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections. Biologic treatments such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may help some patients manage symptoms and slow progression.
When conservative measures no longer provide adequate relief and quality of life is significantly affected, joint replacement surgery — including robotic-assisted knee and hip replacement — offers predictable, durable pain relief and restoration of function. Dr. Cooper discusses all treatment options in detail so patients can make informed decisions aligned with their lifestyle and goals.
